Numerous companies and politicians have struggled for decades to advance solutions to tackle traffic congestion, yet commute times continue to increase in most of America’s city centers. The age of smart mobility is a robust new era in transport, which is being ushered in by new business models inspired by disruptive technologies and the sharing economy.

 

智能出行的兴起

从无人驾驶汽车送披萨到用手机支付停车费等简单的事情，智能城市的崛起让市中心的生活再次变得酷起来。城市的复兴吸引了千禧一代来到城市，也促进了人们对交通的态度转变以及对个人汽车所有权的需求。

不同城市的许多模式都证明，城市居民不必用私家车创造机动交通来改善可达性。例如，步行城市模式、旧金山的 Leap（一种基于 ICT 的按需交通服务）、Uber 和 Lyft 等拼车系统以及各种自行车共享计划，让无数人无需拥有私家车也能享受城市生活。

智能出行的实际用途

Companies such as Ericsson have developed smart apps to meet transportation needs in large cities. For example, the company has produced a tourism planner app to help tourists get around the city of Stockholm, Sweden. Then there is the pick-up planner, designed to meet the transportation needs of people with limited mobility. There’s also the dynamic bus scheduler, which notifies bus drivers of obstructions ahead and suggests alternative routes they can take.

City managers can leverage the 物联网. They can use video surveillance, monitors, and radio frequency identification tags, all communicating with each other to detect essential areas where municipal services are lagging, keep tabs on the functioning of vital infrastructure, and update decision makers on how to make urban areas more habitable and manage city growth.

如今，出行方式更加一体化，门到门，不再是过去那种私人交通工具作为唯一出行方式的模式。污染、城市化、连通性、拥堵和全球化等大趋势正在推动人们从私家车转向拼车、共乘和一体化出行等新商业模式。

Smart mobility is available, though on an irregular basis, in a marketplace mostly consisting of small, private actors. In spite of this, service providers and individual consumers are already taking advantage of smart services and technologies in several major cities.

智能出行伴随的信息服务有可能显著改善旅行者的体验。旅行者可以做出自适应选择，以避开系统故障并重新掌控自己的旅程时间。他们可以根据个人喜好（例如便利性或成本）选择旅行偏好。智能出行通过帮助用户避免拥堵来提高旅行者的舒适度。智能出行的互联性使旅行者能够在旅途中通过访问在线服务来建设性地利用旅程时间。

人为因素和设计因素的重要性

向可行的智能出行转型将在应对贫困、气候变化、公共卫生和性别不平等等共同挑战方面发挥关键作用。自动驾驶、共享出行平台和电动汽车等进步使交通更加环保、安全、高效和包容。

Smart mobility should serve not only as a means of enhancing mobility but also as a way of connecting people and goods, cities and regions, knowledge and innovation. Smart mobility is needed to develop efficient, livable cities that will attract top talent and investment. It is the key to sustainable development of cities, taking into consideration the fact that six out of every ten people on earth are expected to live in urban areas by 2030.

智能出行才刚刚起步

智能出行有望成为一种趋势。拼车、按需出租车服务等被誉为“出行 1.0”。按照这种思路，出行 2.0 预计将注重用户体验，并不断提高专业化水平。出行 3.0 可能会普遍接受无人驾驶汽车和由区块链驱动的部分所有权模式。