在日本拓展业务

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安倍经济学、刺激政策和日本中型企业出口市场的复苏

2015 年伊始，日本政府批准了 1429 亿日元（3.5 万亿日元）的刺激支出计划。这是首相安倍晋三正在实施的“安倍经济学”计划的一部分，旨在重振世界第三大经济体，并为日本中小型企业提供资金。安倍首相在最近的选举中获得了授权，并正在利用这一势头实施其经济政策。 

随着通胀缓解、失业率下降和贸易赤字缩小，大和总研最近报告称，他们认为日本经济衰退可能已经结束。一些经济学家认为，日本经济将出现始于 2014 年底的增长趋势，当时企业投资和 出口 经济增长开始加速。政府预计 2015 年经济将至少增长 2.7%，这表明区域经济将复苏，公民的社会福利也将改善。同时，预计本财年实际国内生产总值将增长 1.5%。

1月14日^第日本政府公布了创纪录的2015年一般会计预算草案，总额达96.34万亿日元，约合14万亿美元。  与此同时，由于近几个月大公司的强劲复苏，税收收入（预计本财年将达到 54 万亿日元 {$4440 亿}）应该达到 1991 年以来的最高水平。许多经济学家认为，安倍首相的经济复苏蓝图已经提高了国民士气，未来一年的经济前景充满乐观。

安倍经济学以首相安倍晋三命名的“三支箭”政策基于财政刺激、结构性改革和宽松货币政策。政府支出、通货再膨胀和增长政策的结合旨在重振日本低迷的经济并促进私人投资。安倍首相迅速采取行动，实施前两支“箭”，宣布了慷慨的刺激法案，并任命黑田东彦领导日本央行，授权他利用量化宽松政策实现 2% 的年通胀率目标。

一些人认为，丰田近期的可观营业利润表明经济政策正在发挥积极作用，并且由此产生的 出口增长 或许正在改变日本国内的经济心理。  安倍首相希望提高工资，提高日本的竞争力，投资研发，并提供一个可以长期维持的财政结构。油价下跌和工资上涨应该会促进消费者增加支出，增加企业利润。这些额外收入将重新激发人们对投资的兴趣，并促进资本支出的增长。

1月15日^第日本央行表示，2015 财年工资至少需要上涨 1%，才能维持日本的消费支出和经济复苏。如果无法实现这一目标，日本央行可能无法实现其雄心勃勃的 2% 通胀目标，从而需要采取更多刺激措施。安倍首相一直在与劳工和商界领袖会面，以协调必要的工资增长。

中型企业 will receive ¥1.2 trillion in much-needed support through the new stimulus package including ¥600 billion for the promotion of regional industries, 小型企业以及公共工程。安倍经济学政策和 日本出口近期复苏, mostly to the United States, where the economy, while not fully recovered, has shown marked and continuing improvement. A weakened yen and escalating stock prices, aided by monetary easing and Abenomics, have also greatly benefited exports.

失去的十年

Following the burst of the Japanese asset price bubble in the ‘90’s, Japan’s economy fell on hard times. Unemployment was on the rise, and GDP growth was lethargic. In 1997, an increase in value-added tax rates caused economic deflation and deepened the recession. Sales tax hikes caused consumption to nosedive and government revenues dropped by ¥4.5 trillion. In the depths of the global recession, Japan weathered a 5.2 percent GDP loss in 2009. This is much more severe than the world’s, real GDP growth average of 0.7 percent in the same year.

During this time period, exports shrank by 27 percent. The consumption tax rate was increased to 8 percent in 2012 by the Diet of Japan under Yoshihiko Noda’s government in an attempt to balance the nation’s budget. The ongoing economic and political emergence of China was a catalyst in the eventual instigation of Prime Minister Shindo Abe’s Abenomics policies. Abenomics is thought to be a derivative of 富国共平 （富国强兵），明治时代的计划。

日本至关重要的中端市场

日本的中端市场是该国经济的重要组成部分。它雇用了四分之一的劳动力，创造了至少三分之一的总收入。除此之外，中端市场在近年来极其不利的经济条件下也未屈服。日本的中端市场公司已证明自己比国际同行更具生产力和竞争力。

The nation’s larger companies do hinder the recruitment capabilities of mid-sized firms, so they don’t employ as many workers. Still, they match the big companies in revenue production, indicating that they outshine them when it comes to the productivity of individual workers. In the aftershock of the disastrous Tohoku earthquake; in the worst days of the economic crisis, middle-market revenues fell 7.5 percent. This is far less than large companies whose revenue plummeted 10 percent and more. Mid-market executives believe goods and services have seen increasing demand compared to the rest of the national economy over the last three years.

With the present-day opportunities that exist for mid-sized exporters, it’s surprising that only 26 percent of those companies earn in excess of 10 percent of their revenues from foreign markets. In total, only 42 percent have actual investments beyond Japan. This will change soon as forward-thinking younger firms lead the way. Statistics show that 38 percent of mid-market firms, which are 10 years old or less, earn in excess of 10 percent of their revenues from foreign sources.

对于有意开拓出口市场的中型企业来说，获得足够的人才似乎是一个障碍。日本的大公司历来都会吸走最优秀的人才。据信，不到一半的日本中型企业真正致力于在整个职业生涯中培养顶级员工。为海外出口企业找到合适的员工也被视为一大障碍，阻碍了许多日本中型企业探索出口的潜在盈利能力。

成功的日本中型企业具有一些明显的特征，这些特征可以使它们超越竞争对手。这些特征包括适应波动的市场条件的灵活性、管理不官僚主义、投资和创新的意愿。尽管日本的大型企业知名度很高，但中型企业对该国的经济至关重要。研究还表明，中型企业有潜力成为国际上最具竞争力的企业。它们能够在激烈的日本市场中生存和发展，这一简单事实为它们在全球范围内运营提供了内在优势。在日本经济复苏方面，中型企业的关键作用不容小觑。

中端市场出口机会

尽管存在障碍，但出口的好处也是显而易见的。除了出口能给公司带来的好处之外，出口还能创造就业机会、增加税收并刺激一个国家的经济增长。出口的中型企业可以更快地发展，因为它们不完全依赖国内市场，而且制造闲置时间更少。最终，这些公司可以赚更多的钱。

Sometimes mid mid-market firms interested in exporting lack the adequate resources needed to compete, necessitating joint ventures and/or collaborations with competitors. This presents its own set of difficulties. Finding suitable trade partners and assessing foreign markets are difficult undertakings for companies lacking in export experience. SIS International Research can be of invaluable assistance in helping Japanese small and mid-market firms understand foreign trade opportunities through in-depth worldwide market analysis, competitive intelligence, focus group market testing, and through helpful ongoing dialogue as transitions are made towards trading internationally. In this way, uncertainties are alleviated and expenditures are reduced.

中小企业 (SME) 显然缺乏较大公司的海外贸易伙伴网络。

SIS offers SME”s access to essential market information that makes export decisions easier and more effective. We can also assist in identifying product modification needs for new markets and in pinpointing appropriate distribution networks for firms new to exporting. Where expert advice and data gathering are critical, SIS is an important ally in your ongoing campaign to successfully integrate exporting into your business operations. Our expert consultation and guidance can assist you with questions concerning tax systems, laws and regulations, advertising, accounting, administration, and recruiting. Successful companies from around the globe count on SIS focus groups, desk researchers, and market analysts to quickly arrive at the answers and information most needed to facilitate problem-solving and to transcend complex cultural issues.

随着人口老龄化和人口减少，以及国内销售低迷，中端市场业务向全球化市场的扩张对日本的经济健康至关重要。虽然该国 60% 的大公司在国外市场开展业务，但只有 25% 的中小企业在国际上开展业务。日本最大的公司一直在不断开拓新市场。考虑到中小企业在日本拥有大量公司和庞大的员工群体，从政策角度来看，这些公司进行国际扩张变得至关重要。

The OECD (organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) is an international group of 34 countries committed since 1961 to promoting international trade and economic progress. Small and mid-sized companies employ nearly 70 percent of employees in most of these nations. Private equity markets have provided the means to acquire much-needed venture capital for these companies, most notably in Japan, Italy, Germany, Iceland, and New Zealand. New efforts have been undertaken to improve the ability of these nations to assimilate and incorporate the latest business-beneficial technologies. Internally, however, it is innovative and bold 管理 内部培训是日本中小企业走向成功所必需的。中小企业经理可能需要额外的培训、建议和咨询服务，以帮助他们为带领企业进入 21 世纪做好准备。^英石 世纪。 

日本复杂的管理文化

日本中型企业面临的一个问题是留住高级管理人才。可以理解的是，最受追捧的领导者往往就职于大型知名企业。日本社会非常重视对这类个人和企业的尊重。与小公司的员工相比，大公司的员工通常受到更多的礼遇和关注。甚至银行贷款也更难获得。

一些人认为，日本公司的创始人文化可能使它们难以培养出有效的管理者。从历史上看，它们作为全球竞争对手并没有取得成功，尤其是在服务业，

they have been far outpaced by countries such as Holland and South Korea. Unlike Western companies that groom their best talent lead for leadership roles using shares and stock options as an incentive, Japan has no culture of operating this way. Thus, when their founders depart, many firms are required to attract talent by publicly listing.

当日本公司以这种方式早期上市时，它们通常会选择以大公司的方式运营。它们失去了与小公司的区别和差异，而是制度化，采取企业风范和文化，几乎没有犯错、尝试或失败的空间。

Looking back to the 1950’s and ‘60’s, entrepreneurship and creativity were not encouraged. Echoes of the past still reverberate today as managers are incentivized by meeting output and efficiency goals and are beholding to an antiquated point-system for advancement. In this way many potentially good managers and leaders are left behind. Today, however, some young entrepreneurs are boldly leaving larger companies to forge their own international business ventures. Starting small, with the right guidance they expand slowly and test various markets as they go. Done methodically, these modest ventures can eventually evolve into prosperous, large-scale successes. This kind of business climate can suffocate creative entrepreneurial incentive. Under such conditions most mid-sized and smaller firms lose their desire for international outreach and return to domestic focus only.

因此，蓬勃发展的大多是大型企业，而中型企业则一直陷于停滞不前的、以本地为导向的商业追求中。同样，创新者和那些愿意遵守新规则的人正在收获中小企业出口全球这一新领域带来的利益。新时代需要新的思维方式。 

日本出口——中型企业成功和创新的一些有趣领域

Business is good on several fronts. Japanese exports to the rest of Asia were up 8.1 percent last fall from the previous year as China and Vietnam continue to demand Japanese metals and electrical components. Sales to China were particularly strong (up 8.8 percent), though there are some concerns about an economic slowdown there in 2015. Large automotive companies enjoyed robust recent sales in Saudi Arabia and Britain, opening the door for smaller, niche companies to follow-up with auto parts and accessories exporting. India has also been demanding more Japanese steel, further bolstering export strengthening. Economic uncertainty and potential recession in the EU have slowed exports there as Japanese firms wait to see how things will transpire.

泰国绝对是日本中端市场出口商感兴趣的国家，八年来投资额一直居高不下。开泰银行和其他 15 家金融机构为投资泰国高科技和服务业的日本公司提供融资帮助。典型的公司投资规模为 50 泰铢起

million to Bt100 million. At present, there are nearly 8,000 Japanese companies invested in Thai business. Japanese investors have been impressed with Thailand’s quality facilities and integrity when it relates to intellectual property rights. A consortium of small and mid-sized construction companies were sent to Thailand in late 2014 by Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism to visit construction locations, meet area industry groups, and government officials, all in the interest of promoting increased expansion of private business there. While in Thailand, this same Japanese group will also meet with construction interests from Vietnam.  泰国被视为东盟地区进一步出口的门户国家。今年，塑料、汽车零部件、化妆品、食品和饮料、珠宝、建筑材料、纸张和印刷产品将成为重点推广领域。

出口纳米技术

纳米技术出口与日本商业的许多其他方面一样，主要由大公司及其子公司主导。新兴中小企业很难找到足够的投资资本来参与这一领域的竞争。毋庸置疑，开发生产纳米碳材料的设施和开发半导体纳米技术的成本很高。 然而，对于日本中小型公司来说，这种现实可能很快就会改变其中许多公司已经积极参与纳米技术开发，而一项注资 $25 亿美元打造创新型高科技企业的计划可能会改变未来的企业规模动态。投资者对为纳米技术创造利基产品的公司非常感兴趣。大型跨国公司有时对这些专业领域不感兴趣，因为纳米技术可能只是它们参与的众多多元化项目中的一个领域。这为那些足够敏锐、能够满足这些特定需求的小公司创造了机会之窗。许多公司将为大型半导体公司提供服务，提供通过皮米控制和纳米杠杆控制进行电子偏转所需的专用设备。这是大型半导体公司向小公司寻求高度专业化技术和相关设备的一个例子。

创新集群

Recently, ¥1.7 billion was allotted for development of specialized innovation clusters, designed to facilitate programs that will assist in the development of new nanotech enterprises for small and medium sized businesses. Medical nanotechnology is the primary focus at this point, but if the cluster concept is successful it is likely that more avenues of investment will be forthcoming.

创新集群的重要性可能日益增加，因为它们能够为全球中小企业开启新的出口业务。从长远来看，它们有可能影响创新，并积极改变与机构和学术利益的互动。2015 年 1 月， 纳米技术展览和会议 发生在东京，

Big Sight 会展中心。为期 5 天的研讨会举办了研讨会、公司展示、一对一会议和社交活动，旨在向日本创新集群介绍欧盟创新集群，重点是纳米技术。

世界需要日本威士忌！

Not all exports from Japanese SME’s are high-tech-oriented. The world is interested in many unique and previously hard-to-obtain things the land of the rising sun has to offer. When one thinks of Whiskey, it’s common to think of Scotland or Tennessee. However, Japanese whiskey has suddenly become very sought after as people clamor for new taste experiences and the sense that they are trying something new, sexy, and exotic. Trouble is, Japanese whiskey is hard to come by unless one is in Japan. Suntory and Nikka sell some whiskey internationally, but they are presently the only ones who export to the U.S.

日本酿酒商似乎担心初学者不会正确饮用他们的产品。事实上，他们对威士忌非常谨慎，要求威士忌搭配特定食物，并用从未在管道中流过的特定水稀释，或者水来自特定的寺庙。大型日本威士忌公司对本国客户非常忠诚。 仍然 （请原谅这个双关语），它确实引起了人们对另一个利基市场的关注，这个市场可能会被一个有进取心的小型或中型日本酿酒商所填补，这些酿酒商愿意满足其他人不愿满足的需求。

日本女性的新领导角色

日本女性拥有的企业数量正在增加。2014 年，女性拥有的中小型企业数量增长了惊人的 24%。这可能是由于 女性经济学 安倍晋三首相为日本经济复苏所制定的计划的方方面面。许多女性正在按照安倍首相的要求重返职场，但她们

are foregoing traditional business models and are starting up small companies of their own. These aren’t women just finishing their education, either. The median age of these new business owners is 43.7, and most of them have husbands. Many have children in high school and college.

这些勤奋的女性在获得成功时所享有的优势比男性要少。许多人仍在照顾孩子和做家务。她们设法创办了富有创意且成功的企业

她们在长期休假抚养孩子后，或者大胆地辞去以前觉得不尽如人意的工作后，仍然选择继续工作。没有理由认为她们不会继续在职场上晋升，并在未来数月和数年为日本经济复苏做出重大贡献。日本女企业家在国际层面上有很多机会，她们肯定会在未来将自己独特的才能和专业知识带到许多创新的出口项目中。

使用 SIS 成功导出

Significant challenges face small and mid-market Japanese firms interested in exporting to the Asean region and beyond. Companies that elect to go it alone may well find the adversities insurmountable. It is necessary to forge a strong partnership with a firm that truly understands the complexities and realities of international trade. SIS International Research can help in countless ways. The world’s best companies, large and small, trust SIS to help them navigate deftly towards success in business, whether it’s market analysis to help you best position yourself for profitability in a foreign market, or competitive intelligence which allows a window into the successful ways other top companies have made international trade work for them.

我们的案头研究非常详尽，因为我们会调查并了解您打算进入的市场，而我们专业的焦点小组会为您提供无与伦比的洞察力，让您了解潜在客户的想法和内心。 SIS International Research 为您的企业提供的世界级市场研究和专家咨询服务是无可替代的。让我们成为您通往成功新世界的大门。这是我们最擅长的，我们随时准备为您服务。

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