消費者購買中的多位影響者

A company has Multiple Constituencies when it offers the same product to different market segments.

Why is this important in Marketing? Often times, your direct buyer is not the most important influencer. Children, doctors, relatives, and social referential leaders often assume major positions in the purchasing decision.

As a result, it is important to understand these indirect customers and influencers and integrate this understanding into marketing strategy. Multiple Constituency Marketing applies to a wide number of industries including the Pharmaceutical, Hospitality, Consumer Goods, Toys, and Entertainment sectors.

Multiple constituencies = Actual buyer + Influencers

Influencers can include, for example, doctors, accrediting agencies, children, relatives, thought leaders, and referential leaders in society.

Examples of Multiple Constituency Marketing

One example of Multiple Constituency Marketing is in the Pharmaceutical sector. Take for example Viagra as a drug. Pharmaceutical firms target not only the doctor who is the gatekeeper in the prescription purchasing decision. Pfizer targets customers directly to inquire from their doctors about getting the drug, appealing to their psychological needs of potency and “scoring” (indicated by its communications). Beyond this, it also targets wives via television communications, appealing to their needs of intimacy. It also appeals to referential leaders like Bob Dole.

Companies that manufacture foods also consider how to appeal to not only the adult that will purchase the product, but also the children and significant other who heavily influence purchasing.

Understanding Multiple Constituencies

A company that has Multiple Constituencies should constantly make sure they are catering to their segment’s desires:

• Needs
• Wants
• Demands
• 趨勢
• 機會
• Drawbacks

Key Success Factors in Influencer Marketing

• Adjusting its product offerings
• Developing relationships with influencers and buyers at all areas of buying process
• Ensuring all levels of the organization stay close to the influencers & customers
• Appealing messages to all segments involved
• Providing multiple forms and channels of communication to reach segments