トルコでのビジネス設立

Expatiaのマネージングディレクター、ネセ・ヤヒヤ氏

法的枠組み

Starting a business in a new country is challenging, as it is everywhere. As a foreigner, if you intend to set up a business in Turkey, you first have to look at and get familiarized with the Foreign Direct Investment Law (No: 4875), which was introduced in Turkey in 2003. The most important principles introduced by this law are those of non-discrimination and equal treatment, as they set the legal framework of the liberal investment environment in Turkey.

外国直接投資法によれば、外国資本による会社設立の前提条件と義務は、国内会社の場合と同等になります。その結果、外国資本による会社設立でこれまで必要だったさまざまな許可がなくなりました。トルコ商法の規定に照らして外国資本で設立された会社は、トルコの会社とみなされます。したがって、会社の資本創設の性質にかかわらず、すべての義務と責任は同じです。

Additionally, within the new FDI law, there are no rules requiring Turkish participation in the capital or management of a company with foreign capital. A company may be established with 100% foreign capital, and almost all sectors are open to foreign capital. The company’s establishment procedures have also been simplified to a great extent. Now, with the efficient procedures, a company’s registration and establishment of a company in Turkey can be completed in as little as one day. Companies must submit a standard form at one location and will not need to submit applications to many authorities for approvals. Also, the law provides that it is no longer mandatory to establish either a limited liability company or joint stock company. These are all important points to be taken into consideration by foreign investors who plan to do business in Turkey.

実際には

If you are opening a company in Turkey, you basically have a couple of options. For instance you can open a liaison office. To undertake this route however, it is important to keep in mind that there should not be any commercial activities on behalf of this company; basically, it is not possible to issue invoices from a liaison office. Another alternative is to open a branch of a foreign company. To pursue this alternative, you need to get permission form the Ministry of Industry and Trade in Ankara, and it is possible to undertake commercial activities. Otherwise, you can set up a limited company or set-up a joint stock company. For the former, you need a minimum capital of 5.000 YTL and minimum two shareholders, all of whom can be foreigners, if necessary. For the latter, a minimum capital of YTL 50.000 is required and the number of founding shareholders should be at least five. For both options, the shareholder liability is limited to the capital paid by each shareholder. It is also feasible to transfer shares from an already established company, and thus become a shareholder.

トルコのいかなる組織においても、外国人を雇用することは可能です。しかし、トルコに居住し、働くことを計画している外国人は、労働社会保障省から労働許可証を取得し、同時に内務省/地方警察本部から居住許可証を受け取る必要があります。しかし、労働許可証を取得するプロセスは非常に複雑で、取得が困難です。

トルコへの投資

“Invest in Turkey”, is a governmental agency, that aims to assist foreign investors in their business ventures in Turkey and provide data and information on the business climate in our country. If you are planning considerable investment in Turkey, it is advised to get in touch with the agency established under the Undersecretariat of Treasury and be active in this environment for several years.

According to the data provided by the agency, around 15.000 companies with foreign capital are in operation in Turkey, as of end of 2006. The majority of them are in wholesale and retail trade, as well as manufacturing. Half of these companies are set up by nationals or entities of the EU Member countries, while Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands are the leading countries in the group of foreign investors.

Below are some useful links worth exploring if you are really into setting up a business in Turkey.

労働組合と組織

• 外国人投資家協会 詳しくはこちら
• 対外経済関係委員会 www.deik.org.tr
• トルコ産業家・ビジネスマン協会 詳しくはこちら

政府機関

• トルコへの投資 詳しくはこちら
• 投資家向け広報室 www.hazine.gov.tr/iro.htm
• 首相外務貿易次官 www.dtm.gov.tr
• トルコ共和国首相府関税次官 www.gumruk.gov.tr

協力企業:
Expatia Consultancy。トルコ、イスタンブール。 翻訳:
連絡先: Nese Yahya。 [email protected] より