{"id":12132,"date":"2012-11-24T20:52:18","date_gmt":"2012-11-24T20:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/understanding-chinas-shadow-banking-system\/"},"modified":"2025-09-16T21:51:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T01:51:25","slug":"zrozumienie-chinskiego-systemu-bankowosci-cieni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/zrozumienie-chinskiego-systemu-bankowosci-cieni\/","title":{"rendered":"Zrozumienie chi\u0144skiego systemu bankowo\u015bci cieni"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"SIS<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

Chi\u0144ski system bankowo\u015bci cieni, czyli nieformalny rynek finansowy pozostaj\u0105cy poza kontrol\u0105 organ\u00f3w regulacyjnych, znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 ostatnio pod lup\u0105, a chi\u0144ska gospodarka zwolni\u0142a do najni\u017cszego tempa wzrostu od 1999 r.<\/h2>\n

Je\u015bli wzrost gospodarczy b\u0119dzie nadal zwalnia\u0142, nag\u0142e niewyp\u0142acalno\u015bci w zakresie po\u017cyczek udzielonych w chi\u0144skim systemie bankowo\u015bci cieni mog\u0105 zagrozi\u0107 chi\u0144skiemu sektorowi bankowemu, a w d\u0142u\u017cszej perspektywie reszcie gospodarki.<\/p>\n

The unregulated and decentralized interconnected underground economy that comprises the shadow banking system have proven difficult for foreign analysts and observers to pin down. The sheer size of the system indicates that it is interconnected with China\u2019s economy. Shadow banks issue an estimated 14.5 trillion renminbi in loans, roughly 25% of all the loans made in China by the traditional banking institutions.<\/p>\n

The shadow banking system is largely composed of investment<\/a> trusts, pawn shops, guarantors, underground banks, and wealth management products. Investment trusts are companies that manage<\/a> investors\u2019 money and use it to finance business projects or property loans. In 2011, the investment trust industry was handling 4.8 million renminbi. The total lack of transparency in the investment trust industry–only 10 of the 62 investment trusts in China disclose investment returns–makes it harder to gauge if the highly leverage trusts are facing systemic collapse.<\/p>\n

Lombardy<\/h2>\n

Pawnshops are prevalent in China, with over 4,000 operating across the country. Pawnshops have become a problem because they accept any sort of collateral for their short-term loans including financial securities like stocks and bonds, and even real estate property. If China\u2019s property market<\/a> deteriorates, pawnshops will be left with defaulted loans that are backed by collateral that have less value on the market.<\/p>\n

Gwarancje<\/h2>\n

Jak sugeruje ich nazwa, gwaranci udzielaj\u0105 gwarancji na po\u017cyczki udzielane ryzykownym po\u017cyczkobiorcom. Gwaranci nie zarabiaj\u0105 tak du\u017co jak lombardy i mog\u0105 ucieka\u0107 si\u0119 do nielegalnych praktyk, aby zwi\u0119kszy\u0107 swoje zyski. Gwaranci mog\u0105 wzi\u0105\u0107 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 po\u017cyczki, kt\u00f3r\u0105 gwarantuj\u0105, i po\u017cyczy\u0107 j\u0105 z powrotem do systemu bankowo\u015bci cieni. Zwi\u0119ksza to prawdopodobie\u0144stwo, \u017ce inwestorzy sko\u0144cz\u0105 z niczym, je\u015bli po\u017cyczki cieni nie zostan\u0105 sp\u0142acone.<\/p>\n

Banki podziemne<\/h2>\n

W Chinach rozkwitaj\u0105 nielegalne banki. Banki wystawiaj\u0105 akredytywy, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 pojazdami poza bilansem, kt\u00f3re nie s\u0105 uwzgl\u0119dniane w wska\u017anikach d\u017awigni finansowej sektora. Firmy mog\u0105 uzyska\u0107 wiele po\u017cyczek od r\u00f3\u017cnych bank\u00f3w, korzystaj\u0105c z tego samego zabezpieczenia, co utrudnia okre\u015blenie, jak bardzo te banki s\u0105 d\u017awigniowe.<\/p>\n

Dzia\u0142ania rz\u0105du<\/h2>\n

Produkty do zarz\u0105dzania maj\u0105tkiem ponios\u0142y najwi\u0119kszy ci\u0119\u017car krytyki systemu bankowo\u015bci cieni, a prezes Banku Chin Xiao Gang nazwa\u0142 te produkty piramid\u0105 finansow\u0105 w swoim artykule redakcyjnym w Chi\u0144ski dziennik<\/em> newspaper.\u00a0 Wealth management products fund projects<\/a> such as property development or infrastructure that cannot access funds through normal loan channels. Investors may not have any idea about what the investment is or what kind of returns<\/a> they can generate. The products are riskier than deposits, but investors believe that banks back them as they are marketed<\/a> in most bank branches. If the products default, banks\u2019 reputations will take a hit.<\/p>\n

Chi\u0144ski system bankowo\u015bci cieni jest bardzo z\u0142o\u017cony i stwarza ogromne ryzyko dla konwencjonalnego systemu bankowego z powodu powi\u0105zanych relacji tych system\u00f3w. Bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 rozmiar systemu cieni i znacz\u0105c\u0105 pozycj\u0119 w gospodarce, Chiny mog\u0105 stan\u0105\u0107 w obliczu zawirowa\u0144 gospodarczych, je\u015bli system bankowo\u015bci cieni upadnie.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chi\u0144ski system bankowo\u015bci cieni, czyli nieformalny rynek finansowy, kt\u00f3ry znajduje si\u0119 poza kontrol\u0105 regulatora, ostatnio znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 pod lup\u0105, poniewa\u017c chi\u0144ska gospodarka zwalnia do najni\u017cszego tempa wzrostu od 1999 r. Je\u015bli wzrost gospodarczy b\u0119dzie nadal zwalnia\u0142, nag\u0142e niewyp\u0142acalno\u015bci po\u017cyczek udzielonych w systemie bankowo\u015bci cieni w kraju mog\u0105 zagrozi\u0107 chi\u0144skiemu sektorowi bankowemu i\u2026 Czytaj dalej<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[287],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-spotlight","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81309,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12132\/revisions\/81309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sisinternational.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}